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一、 考研英语写作题型概述及命题趋势
1 作文要求 按照《2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲（非英语专业）》的规定，从2005年起，考研英语作文部分进行调整，分为A、B两节，总分30分。
A节： 应用短文写作，1小题，满分10分。
这一部分要求考生根据所给情景写出一篇约100词（标点符号不计算在内）的应用性短文，包括信件（私人和公务信函）、备忘录、摘要及报告等。
B节： 短文写作，1小题，满分20分。
这一部分要求考生根据提示信息写出一篇160词～200词（标点符号不计算在内）的一般描述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性的短文。提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情境、图、表等。
此外，历年的考试大纲还要求考生在作文中要做到：
(1) 语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当；
(2) 遵循文章的特定文体格式；
(3) 合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯；
(4) 根据写作目的和特定读者，选用恰当的语言。
作文部分是考研英语试卷中分值较高、难度较大、同时也是考生不容易得高分的主观型试题。这一部分内容既能测试考生对英语词汇、语法、修辞等的掌握和运用能力，同时也能测试考生的英语书面表达能力。因此，作文能真实地测试出考生综合运用英语书面语言的能力。在各种标准化英语考试中，作文都是必不可少的题型。
综观历年考研英语试题，作文部分无论是在字数上还是分值上都进行了较大的调整。从字数上看，1998年以前，作文部分的字数要求是120词～150词。从1998年起，字数增加到不少于150词，2001年起增加到大约200词，而在2005年则增加了应用短文写作，使作文考试由一篇变成两篇。新增的应用文短文字数要求是100词左右，而原来的短文写作字数则从“不少于200词”调整为“160词～200词”。从分值上看，2001年以前，作文部分的分值是15分。从2001年起，这一部分的分值增加到20分，而在2005年，这一部分的分值大幅上升到了30分。这一调整充分说明作文的重要性在研究生入学英语考试中得到了越来越充分的体现，同时也体现了英语书面表达能力在外语教学中的重要性。
·名师指点：考研英语作文高分的秘密 ·考研英语图画作文，一场玩腻了的拼图游戏
2评分原则和评分标准
1) 评分原则
考研英语作文采取总体分档评分的原则，即阅卷人从内容和语言两个方面进行综合评定，而不是将短文的内容和语言分开来计分。如果短文内容不切题，即使语言得当、用词准确，也将会被判为零分；反之，如果内容切题，而语言错误较多，也不能得高分。与全国大学英语四、六级考试不同的是，考研作文更强调文章的连贯性、语言的规范性与条理性、用词的准确性，以及句式多变等。
2) 评分标准
(1) 内容评分标准
考研作文主要考查考生的书面表达能力，一般的评分标准对应用文和普通短文都适用，不过，由于对二者的考查要点不同， 评分时侧重点也有所不同。
A节的应用文写作是2005年新增的题型，其评分侧重点在于信息点的覆盖和内容的组织，考查考生是否能把握题目要求，抓住信息点，并将之扩展写进自己的文章。同时，该题型还考查考生是否掌握了各种应用文写作的基本要求、语言的正式性与非正式性的区别以及上下文的关联性等。在语法结构和词汇多样性方面的要求则根据具体试题作调整。另外，考生可以使用提示语中出现过的关键词，但使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子将被扣分。
B节的短文写作已持续了十几年，1996年以前为命题式作文。根据这一命题的特点，评分标准要求“内容切题，包括提纲的全部要点，表达清楚，文字连贯，句式有变化，句子结构和用词准确”；1997年—2005年的作文为包含一个或多个图表或图画的图表（画）式作文，所写短文除了要达到以上几点要求外，还包括对图表（画）的说明、对图表（画）所反映的趋势的预测和分析，以及自己的评论等。
无论是应用文写作还是命题式作文，或是图表（画）式作文，考研英语作文的评分标准概括起来主要有五个方面，即“内容切题、表达清楚、文字连贯、句式有变化、语言规范”。考生若想在作文中取得高分，必须达到这几个方面的标准。
考研作文以通篇分档计分，即先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次，然后以该档次要求来给分。具体评分标准如下：
第五档
A节
（9分～10分）
B节
（17分～20分） 很好地完成了试题规定的任务。
· 包括所有内容要点；
· 使用丰富的语法结构和词汇；
· 语言自然流畅，语法错误极少；
· 有效地采取了多种衔接手法，文字连贯，层次清晰；
· 格式与语域（即正式、一般或非正式的语言）恰当贴切。
对目标读者（即语言的接受对象）完全产生了预期的效果。第四档
A节
（7分～8分）
B节
（13分～16分） 较好地完成了试题规定的任务。
· 包括所有内容要点，允许漏掉一两个次重点；
· 使用较丰富的语法结构和词汇；
· 语言基本准确，只有在试图使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇时才有个别错误；
· 采用了适当的衔接手法，层次清晰，组织较严密；
· 格式与语域（即正式、一般或非正式的语言）较恰当。
对目标读者（即语言的接受对象）产生了预期的效果。第三档
A节
（5分～6分）
B节
（9分～12分） 基本完成了试题规定的任务。
· 虽漏掉一些内容，但包括多数内容要点；
· 应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的需求；
· 有一些语法结构和词汇错误，但不影响理解；
· 采用了简单的衔接手法，内容较连贯，层次较清晰；
· 格式和语域（即正式、一般或非正式的语言）基本合理。
对目标读者（即语言的接受对象）基本产生了预期的效果。第二档
A节
（3分～4分）
B节
（5分～8分） 未能按要求完成试题规定的任务。
· 漏掉或未能有效阐述一些内容要点，写了一些无关内容；
· 语法结构单调，词汇项目有限；
· 有较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了读者对写作内容的理解；
· 未采用恰当的衔接手法，内容缺少连贯性；
· 格式与语域（即正式、一般或非正式的语言）不恰当。
未能清楚地传达信息给读者。第一档
A节
（1分～2分）
B节
（1分～4分） 未完成试题规定的任务。
· 明显漏掉主要内容，且有许多不相关的内容；
· 语法项目和词汇的使用单调、重复；
· 语言错误多，有碍读者对内容的理解，语言运用能力差；
· 未使用任何衔接手法，内容不连贯，缺少组织、分段；
· 无格式与语域（即正式、一般或非正式的语言）概念。
未能传达信息给读者。零档（0分） 所传达的信息或所使用语言太少，无法评价；内容与要求无关或无法辨认。
(2) 其他评分标准：
字数： A节应用文的字数要求是100词左右，B节短文的字数要求是160词～200词。文章长度不符合要求的，酌情扣分。
拼写及标点等： 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时，视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
书写： 如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。
在实际考试中，如在B节短文写作中，有些考生的作文没有包括提纲中的全部要点，即出现缺段的情况。一般的扣分标准是：缺第一部分扣3分，缺第二部分扣10分，缺第三部分扣7分。
考研作文评分标准表面上很细，具体到拼写、用词、语法、句式、主题及文章结构等，但在实际阅卷中，阅卷人每天要判很多份考卷，因此不可能认认真真、一字一句地读完整篇作文后，斟酌再三才给出最后分数。而且考研作文评分是总体评分，而不是按语言点给分，因此，阅卷人员一般只是将作文浏览一下，浏览时主要看文章是否完成了试题规定的任务，内容是否切题，字数是否符合要求，结构是否完整，表达是否清楚，文章中是否有闪光点等。因此，考生在写作时要善于从整体上进行把握。
3作文样文分析
为使考生对考研英语作文的评分标准有更为准确的把握，下面以2002年硕士研究生英语入学考试作文题为例，对各个分数段的样文进行分析，并给出相关评语，考生可参照比较以确定自己的实际写作水平及复习重点。2005年的考研英语中增加了一篇信函的写作。如果忽略信函的格式，而只考虑其主体部分，那么信函就基本接近于一篇普通的提纲作文，只要将题目要求中的各个要点展开讲清楚，就基本完成任务。因此，相信以下分析和评语对信函及其他应用短文主体部分的写作也有一定的借鉴作用。
Directions:
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures—National and International”.
In the essay, you should
(1) describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and
(2) give your comment on the phenomenon.
You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
样文 1 Cultures—National and International
This is a very interesting picture of a lovely American girl dressed in traditional Chinese costume with a sweet smile on her face. She wears a pearl necklace, colorful ribbon, earrings, and other decorating things that are characteristic of the clothes of a Chinese minority nationality. It is obvious that as a result of our opening up policy, more and more foreigners visit China and become interested in our national culture, which is making it go international.
There is no reason to make a fuss about this phenomenon. With the rapid development of technology and economy, the world is becoming smaller and smaller, and international cultural exchanges have become more and more frequent, which is inevitably improving our mutual understanding and friendship with other countries.
As Chinese citizens, we should respect our own national culture and learn useful things from the cultures of different nations, which will enable us to make great progress in many ways. I believe a happy and bright future is awaiting us if we make every effort to promote cultural development both nationally and internationally.
得分：20分
评语：内容切题，紧扣“民族文化走向国际化”这一中心论点，并包括所给提纲中的全部要点；文章通顺，语言流畅、精练，文字连贯，句式变化多样；用词面较宽，如：be characteristic of, make a fuss about, mutual understanding, bright future, await等词或词组的使用非常妥当贴切。从整篇文章来看，该考生语言基本功很好，表达能力较强；文章长度符合要求。
4高分作文的标准及实例分析
1) 高分作文的标准考研英语作文若想获得高分，必须在内容和语言两个方面达到考纲的要求。从内容上来说，A节的应用文要完成既定的任务，如咨询信息、提出辞职等，B节的短文则一定要切题。对这一点，前面已做了反复陈述。从语言上来说，第一，表达要清楚，文字要连贯。语言要简洁、准确，使阅卷人能通过作文内容领会作者的意图；每个段落要根据提纲要点确定不同的段落主题句，且能清楚地表现段落所要表达的思想内容；使用过渡词语实现上下文之间在内容和结构上的衔接。第二，文章中句式要有变化，可以以介词短语开头、以非谓语动词短语开头、以形容词或副词开头等；句型要多样化，简单句、并列句、复合句、长句和短句综合使用。第三，句子结构和用词要准确。第四，文章中要有闪光点，切忌通篇语言贫乏。否则，即使内容切题、语言规范，也难以得高分。在下面的例子中，第一句话平淡无味，缺乏闪光点，第二句话为修改、润色后的句子，给人的感觉就大不一样。
例1：
Some reasons forare:
There are several possible reasons foras illustrated below：
例2：
We need love. We should offer love.
Not only do we need love, but also we should offer love to others who are in need.
例3：
The society is developing. So there are many changes.
With the development of society, many changes have taken place.
例4：
So, we can conclude that.
From the above discussion/analysis, we can draw/come to the conclusion that.
例5：
The first reason is money.
First of all, there is a lack of money.
例6：
Many people know that.
Its fairly well known to all that.
例7：
Education is important.
Its fairly well known that education plays an important part in.
Or: Its fairly well known that education is of great/vital importance to.
例8：
People should know more. Its important.
Its important for people to have a wide range of knowledge.
例9：
The picture means that.
The picture seems to convey the meaning that.
例10：
The girl seems to like Chinese costume.
It seems that the girl is fond of Chinese costume.
二、考研英语写作题型分析
英语作文从文体上来划分，有叙述文（Narrative Composition）、描写文（Descriptive Composition）、说明文（Expositive Composition）和议论文（Argumentative Composition）四种。 color=#000099>考研英语作文短文写作部分主要采用的是议论文和说明文这两种文体。而按照考试大纲的要求，考生还要能写应用文。
从题型上来看，考研英语作文主要有六种题型，即“命题式作文”、“段首句式作文”、“图表式作文”、“图画式作文”、“情景式作文”以及应用文写作。 通过前文对考研英语作文命题趋势的分析可知，在这六种作文题型中，应用文写作部分是2005年开始新增加的；“图画式作文”和“图表式作文”代表着近年考研作文B节的出题趋势。在本章中将按照大纲A节、B节的划分来一一探讨这几种作文的写作。
1. A节应用文写作
2003和2004年的大纲中都强调了要会写应用文，如书信、摘要和备忘录等，到2005年开考，考生已经有了两年的心理准备。从其他英语考试来看，四、六级考试、全国MBA联考、雅思、BEC等一直都在考查书信写作，应用文写作对广大考生而言并不是新的题型。从社会的发展对英语写作能力的实际要求来看，增加应用文写作也是必然的趋势。
从形式来看，应用文的写作都有一定的格式。从内容来看，2005年大纲样题中列出的内容为写信向书店购书，考试中是要求写一封辞职信，相对B节的短文而言，这部分的写作在内容上还是比较容易把握的，只要按照提纲要求的内容进行发挥，把每一点扩充成一段即可。不过，要想在考试那么短的时间内写好一篇既定情景的应用文，既需要考生具有较好的英语语言的基本功，又需要有根据给定情景迅速构思成文的能力。所以，要掌握应用文的写作，除了要知道基本格式外，还要了解不同应用文的写作模式和基本结构，以及写作各种应用文时用到的一些套话。
应用文一般都是出于某一特定的、具体的目的而写，在正确表达自己的想法时，要遵循“五个C”的原则，即做到简洁（Concise）：语句简洁，语言朴实，开门见山，尽快传达重要信息；清楚（Clear）：条理清楚，逻辑严密，意图明确，不含糊其词；正确（Correct）：语法、句法和标点正确，事实、数字、日期等信息准确无误；礼貌（Courteous）：应用文，尤其是书信，是社会交往的书面形式，必须尊重交际规则，尤其是礼貌的原则；完整（Complete）：全面表达自己的意思，尽可能完整地提供读者需要了解的所有情况。
英语应用文的种类较为复杂,包括书信、便笺、请柬、备忘录、摘要及通知等。一般来说，在考研英语作文中，从考试时间的限制、文章的长度和内容的要求上来判断，最可能考查的就是英文书信。便笺是书信的简化形式，一般篇幅较短，在写作上可以借鉴各类书信的写法；备忘录和报告等则多用于公务或商务工作中，一般篇幅较长，与学生的生活相去较远。除英文书信外，写摘要也是考生在日后的工作和学习中所必须具备的能力，因此，考生必须熟悉和掌握这两种应用文的写作。
1) 英文书信的写作
书信大致可分为两类：一类是私人信函，另一类是公务信函。私人信函属非正式文体，而公务信函无论在格式上，还是在语言上都较为正式。下面谈谈英文书信的基本格式。
一封完整的英文信函通常由六个部分组成，即信头、信内地址、称呼/称谓、正文、结束问候语及签名。下面分别予以介绍。
A. 信头 (Heading)
信头包括写信人的地址以及写信日期。地址的写法由小到大，写信日期放在地址下面。信头通常写在信纸的右上角。
B. 信内地址 (Address)
信内地址指的是收信人的地址，包括收信人的姓名和地址，位置在信纸左边，约在日期下二、三行。一般社交信可省略此部分，但在商业和官方正式信函中必须把收信人的姓名和地址写在第一页信纸上。
C. 称呼/称谓 （Salutation）
通常放在信内地址下方隔一行或两行，其左边与信内地址第一行对齐。称呼通常有以下几种写法：
■ 私人信函中的称呼较为随便，通常以名（first name）相称，而正式信件中必须以姓（surname）相称，如Dear Prof./Mr./Miss/Mrs.。 若收信人为女性且不知其婚否，则称Dear Ms.。
■ 称呼后的标点符号一般用逗号，按美国人的习惯也可以使用冒号。
■ 不明确收信人性别时，可用Dear Sir/Madam或Dear Gentleman/Lady。
■ 不明确收信人时，可用To whom it may concern。
■ 称呼相同职业的收信人时，可用Dear colleague。
D. 正文 （The Body）
正文在称呼下面一行或两行处开始写。正文要简明扼要，语气要自然诚恳，段落要清楚。
E. 结束问候语 (The Complementary Close)
结束问候语是写信人对收信人的谦称，通常低于正文部分两行或三行，从信纸的中间靠右开始写起，第一个词的首字母要大写，结尾加逗号。私人信函的问候语通常有：Affectionately, Love, Yours等。正式信函的问候语通常有：Yours truly, Yours sincerely, Sincerely yours, Truly yours, Respectfully yours, Yours respectfully等。
F. 签名 （Signature）
签名即写信人的署名，写在结束问候语下方，用手写或打印。若是正式信函，除打印的签名外，还要在姓名上方加上亲笔签名。
书信写作是常见的功能性写作，主要包括申请信（包括求职申请信、求学申请信和作为访问学者的申请信等）、推荐信、订购信、倡议书和投诉信等。本节主要介绍申请信、投诉信、感谢信和道歉信的写法，其他类型信件的写法可以以此为参考或参照模拟题部分的例子。
(1) 申请信
A 申请信的写法
写申请信的目的是向对方展示自己的才能和特长，以使对方对申请人的工作、学习、爱好等有个大致的了解。申请信的内容主要包括：
■ 开头段落。直接说明写信的目的或申请的原因，获得信息的来源，对所求职业或所申请学校、专业、教授的认识及自己的打算等。
■ 主体部分。重点介绍自己的背景情况，包括受教育程度、工作经历、学术成就、兴趣爱好及个人特长等。如果是求职申请信，可把工作经历放在首位介绍，突出自己的能力、所从事过的工作及所取得的成绩；如果是求学申请信，则要把重点放在受教育程度上。在介绍个人情况时，既不能过于谦虚，又不能夸大其词、弄虚作假。总之，要使自己介绍的情况引起对方的兴趣和注意。
■ 结尾部分。主要表达自己的愿望，如希望获得面试机会，或请求对方提供相关资料等。结尾要显得自信、坚定。
B 申请信的常用语
■ 引入话题的用语
In/Through todays newspaper I noticed your advertisement for.../I have learned that you are hiring...
It has come to my attention that the position of...is now open.
I would like to apply for/to be considered as a candidate for the job/post/position advertised in.../I saw advertised in.../I have just seen in the...
I am interested in (seeking) a challenging position in your firm.
■ 表示动机和期望的用语
If my application is successful, I should/would like to...
I am available for a personal interview if you are interested in my application.
I would appreciate an interview at your convenience.
■ 表示申请人素质和经历的用语
I feel I am well qualified to...for the following reasons.
I have experience of..., therefore I may have the ability you are looking for.
My interest and skill in...contribute to my qualification for this job.
例1： 求职信
（Heading）
Ms. Maria Valdez
Great Western Publishing Corp.
7777 State Street, Room 456
Chicago, IL 60606
Dear Ms. Valdez,
I am writing this letter in response to the advertisement you placed in the Sunday paper for a proofreader or copy editor. I believe that both my education and experience are directly related to your needs.
For two summers I worked as a proofreader at The Daily Deluge in Colfax, Illinois, and for three years as a parttime advertising copywriter for radio station WXYZ. As the enclosed resume indicates, I majored in English and minored in journalism at Illinois State University.
My experience with various writing and proofreading assignments could prove useful to your firm. I know a position with your nationally known firm would be satisfying to me, as it would further my ambition to become a professional editor.
May I come in for an interview at your convenience? If you wish to telephone me, you can reach me in the morning. Thank you for your consideration.
Sincerely,
Sue LeSeure (Signature)
Sue LeSeure
例2： 求职信
(Heading)
(Inside Address)
Dear Sir,
I am writing in response to the advertisement you placed in The Computer World for a software programmer. Due to the good reputation of your company and the opportunities you provide your employees, I would like to apply for the position.
I believe that both my education and experience are directly related to your requirements. I graduated with distinction from Tsinghua University three years ago, with a masters degree in computer programming. Besides taking courses in computer, I have taken many optional courses, such as electronics circuit, market planning and so on. Along with my education, I have worked as a computer programmer in Stone Ltd. for two years with excellent performance. Therefore my education and job experience have given me the ability you are looking for. I know a position with your internationally known company would be satisfying to me. I would appreciate the opportunity to join your company.
I would like to be informed of the starting salary and the opportunity for further study and I will appreciate an interview at your convenience.
I hope that you will give my application prompt and careful attention.
Sincerely yours，
Alice Brown (Signature)
Alice Brown
例3： 求学信
(Heading)
(Inside Address)
Dear Professor Smith,
I am writing to apply for admission to your university for further studies in the field of Physical Chemistry leading to a Ph.D. degree. I would also like to apply for a position as a teaching assistant or research assistant, or any other financial aid available for foreign students. Would you please send me the necessary information and forms?
I am 25, male, majoring in chemistry. I received my M.S. degree from Nanjing University of Science and Technology in 1993. I have since been working as a teaching assistant in the Chemistry Department there.
An early reply would be appreciated. Thank you.
Respectfully yours,
(Signature)
Li Ming
2 B节短文写作
1) 图画式作文
“图画式作文”和后面将要介绍的“图表式作文”一样，相对于其他作文题型而言在题目设计上更具灵活性，以图画或图表的形式对作文的主题和内容进行限定，给考生更大的思维空间，可以更好地测试出考生对图画或图表的观察、分析和概括能力，以及文字表达能力。
相对于“命题式作文”和“段首句式作文”来说，“图画(表)式作文”的难度较大。因为在图画（表）式作文题型中，考生面对的除了文字说明外，还有图画（表）和数据。此外，考生还要对所给的数据进行分析，正确理解图画（表）中所包含的各种信息，以及这些信息之间的关系，然后再进行归纳和总结。因此，对广大考生来说，图画(表)式作文不失为一种更高层次上的考查方式。
(1) 图画式作文的命题特点
图画式作文通常是给出一幅或几幅漫画或图片，要求考生仔细分析图画的内容，并通过文字形式将图中所包含的思想内容准确地表达出来。一般来说，所给图画均反映一定的社会现象或社会现实，如2001年考试所给图画反映的是“献爱心”这一具有社会意义的现象，2003年考试所给图画反映的是“在父母宠爱下的青少年经不起风雨”这一社会现实。2005年考试所给图画反映的是当今社会有些子女推卸赡养老人的责任和义务这一社会现实。
图画式作文的考试内容和信息是以图画的形式出现在考生面前，这就要求考生在写作时要有敏锐的观察力，利用图画中的所有信息，揣摩、推测出题者的意图，确定图画所表达的中心思想。
(2) 图画式作文的写作技巧
图画式作文写作的关键是要清楚题意，即清楚所给图画想要传达的真正信息是什么，理解图画的表层含义及深层含义，然后将其清楚、正确地表达出来。
A 认真审题
对于任何形式的作文来说，审题都是最为关键的一步。在审题时，考生要认真分析图画所反映的内容以及出题者的意图，分析图画的表层含义和深层含义，通过表层含义分析图画真正想要说明的问题是什么，从而挖掘出其深层含义以确定文章的中心思想。
B 确定写作重点
审题之后，根据分析的结果组织安排段落，确定每一个段落的主题和写作重点，然后根据题目要求进行选材，并对所选材料再进行筛选和分类。
C 确定写作模式
确定写作模式实际上就是按照题目要求确定文章的整体结构。图画式作文的一般写作模式是：
开始段： 描述图画表层含义及深层含义并由此得出结论
中间段： 解释原因、分析结果，或进一步论证主题思想
结束段： 提出建议或发表个人评论
D 掌握并熟悉图画式作文的规范用语
As is described in the picture...*"The picture shows...
The picture describes...It indicates that...
In the picture, we can see...It reveals that...
三、考研英语作文写作模式
鉴于B节短文写作部分题型较复杂，考生把握起来更加困难，本章将进一步分析这一部分作文的写作模式。 虽然硕士研究生入学考试英语作文部分有着严格的命题要求，题材范围非常广泛，而且自采用图表（画）式作文后，提纲要求也产生了一些变化，但是，通过认真分析和研究历年试题可以发现，不管作文的命题形式如何变化，提纲要求如何变化，总的命题思路并没有发生重大变化。从这一点出发，我们就可以从中找到一些规律，并按照这些规律，摸索出考研英语作文(议论文写作部分)的写作模式。有了这些写作模式，再加上熟悉和掌握一些相应的常用句型，考生就能够提高作文得分。
英语作文(应用文除外，下同)大多可以采用“三段式”模式，具体可描述为：
开始段： 引言句＋扩展句＋主旨句
中间段： 主题句＋过渡词１＋要点１＋论据１
＋过渡词２＋要点２＋论据２
＋过渡词３＋要点３＋论据３
结束段： 过渡词＋总结句＋扩展句
这一基本模式可以根据不同的题目内容和命题方式演化为下面这些具体的考研英语作文的写作模式，如：
开始段： 谈某一个问题
中间段： 分析原因或可能产生的后果
结束段： 提出解决方案或建议
1现象解释模式
这一模式主要适用于现象解释型作文的写作。如1993年（关于电视广告），1995年（关于希望工程），2002年（关于文化的融合），2003年（关于子女教育问题），2005(关于赡养老人问题)等试题都可以按照这一模式来写。其他可套用这一写作模式的话题还有：出国留学热、学外语热、工人下岗、盗版、独生子女、人口增长等。
现象解释模式可以具体描述为：开始段介绍现象的普及程度。中间段解释产生这种现象的原因或意义。解释原因可以从社会和个人两个方面入手；若是谈这种现象的意义，也可着重谈其与社会及个人的关系。结束段表明态度或提出建议。
1) 介绍现象普及程度的句型
Nowadays/Recently, there has been a growing/widespread concern among the general public over.
Nowadays/Recently, it becomes increasingly common for people/us to see/find.
Nowadays/Recently, an increasing number of people become extremely concerned over.
Nowadays/Recently, much attention/emphasis has been put/placed on.
Recent years have witnessed/experienced an increasing number/amount of.
Recently the phenomenon ofhas aroused public/worldwide attention.
Recently the phenomenon of/rise inhas aroused general/international concern.
2) 解释原因的句型
There may be a combination of factors which contribute to/are responsible for/explain.
The widespreadofmay be due to/attributed to.
There may be several possible reasons forwhich will be demonstrated below.
There may bea number of
a combination of
a variety ofreasons for thisdramatic
significant
markeddecline/change in
as illustrated below.
A combination/number of factors may contribute to/account for.
Its no easy/simple task to offer the reasons for this phenomenon which involves more than one complicated factor.
The explanation for this phenomenon involves many complicated factors.
The mainly stems from
is chiefly caused by
is largely due toseveral possible factors.
We may attribute theto.
3) 解释另一原因的句型
Among all the important/convincing reasons for, one should be emphasized.
One of the most common/popular reasons foris that.
Of course, theis not by itself an adequate explanation for.
Of course, thedoes not in itself explain/account for.
4) 表明态度或提出建议的句型
As the issue plays such an important part in both society and our life, due/more attention should be paid to it.
As the issue has a farreaching influence on both society and our life, due/more attention should be paid to it.
Despite the advantages of, there are also some disadvantages that cannot be ignored.
Whatever the reason, does have much influence on our life.
5) 常用词汇和短语
concern, attention, emphasis, development, growth, account for, due to, explain, contribute to, attribute to, change, increase, rise, decline 等。
参考范文1：
Advertisements on TVToday, it has become increasingly common for people to see advertisements on TV. Whenever we turn on our television, we will see various kinds of advertisements. When we are absorbed in a wonderful TV program, advertisements will interrupt at any time and will be very annoying.
There may be two main reasons for the increasing number of ads on TV. To begin with, in a competitive economy, a variety of products are similar to each other in quality and price. As consumers have more choices, with increasing brands of the same product, manufacturers want to convince consumers that their products are better. Secondly, when a new product is available on the market, the manufacturer would like to inform consumers and to tell them how good their products are. Some consumers are interested in this kind of service because they wish to get firsthand information of new products so they can choose the one they like best. All these have led to the sharp increase in advertisements on TV.
It cannot be denied that advertisements have much influence on our life. However, ads also have some bad influences. For instance, they may lead us to buy what we do not really want. Some ads do not tell the truth. So sometimes consumers may feel being cheated when they buy a product whose quality does not live up to what is advertised. So, in my opinion, consumers should hold a rational attitude toward advertisement on TV.
参考范文2：
Project HopeIn recent years, there has been a widespread concern about Project Hopes campaign which is now being conducted in our country. The project aims at providing underprivileged children with tuition fees, setting up new primary schools, and supplying poorly equipped schools with better facilities so that schoolagers in remote rural areas may have the opportunity to receive education.
The reasons that much concern is placed upon Project Hope may be demonstrated below. In the first place, Project Hope brings hope to thousands of children who have dropped out of school because of financial difficulties. As we all know, schooling is important and will contribute a great deal to the development of the economy in rural areas. As a developing country, China is not likely to invest large amounts of money in education. It needs help from the whole society. Whats more, with more and more children having access to education, the intelligence level in the country as a whole will increase and thus will benefit the countrys modernization.
As the project has a farreaching influence on our society, much attention should be paid to it. More work should be done by the government to make greater contribution to the project, and the public should also be encouraged to finance the project.
四、考研英语写作常见错误和应对策略
1. 考研英语写作中的常见错误
作文部分是考研英语试卷中最难的主观题，也是考生得分率较低的题型。 从历年考试来看，考生在写作部分大量失分的原因是考生在写作中存在一些具有代表性的普遍问题。以下是一些从考生作文中摘抄下来的例子。
(1) Today, students who take part in social practice become more and more.
(2) Light will be more powerful when the circumstances is more dark.
(3) As a university student, we can study hard science knowledge.
(4) In remote country, some children cant go to school because no money.
(5) If we help others without thinking whether others need, it perhaps decrease others confidence.
(6) I think the best way to show love is our suitable help when others are facing with difficulty and need our helps.
(7) In the picture below, in the dark full situation, a little of spark enlightens the dark.
(8) We offer love, more important, we need love.
(9) But for my roommates help I couldnt live up not only in physics but also in spirits.
(10) Lets hold our hands to build our country filled in love hearts.
上面的例子代表了考研作文中存在的一些普遍问题。这些问题概括起来主要表现在以下几个方面：
■ 审题不清，致使文章内容偏离主题。如在2002年考试中，有些考生将作文的主题定位为“中国的民族服装为何受西方人喜爱”，偏离了“文化融合”这一主题。我们知道，依据作文的评分原则，若文章内容不切题，则不管语言如何规范、用词如何准确，都会被判为零分。
■ 内容空洞，言之无物，东拉西扯，无明显主题。
■ 汉语思维，逐字翻译，中式英语。很多考生在写英语作文时，习惯于先用汉语进行构思，然后再将汉语译成英语。结果文章中出现很多中式英语，令人难以理解。大家最熟悉的一个典型例子是：Good good study, day day up （好好学习，天天向上）。
■ 词汇量小，用词不准确，词不达意。如do some contribution中的do就属于用词不准确，应该用make。
■ 语法错误较多，主要表现为主谓不一致，第三人称单数不加s，以及时态语态、名词单复数、句子完整性方面的错误。这些错误在考生看来可能无关紧要，但直接影响着作文的整体质量。
■ 句子单调，句型单一，句式缺少变化。
■ 不会使用起承上启下作用的过渡词语，文章缺乏连贯性。
总之，一篇优秀的英语作文在内容和语言两方面应是一个统一体，任何一方面的欠缺都会直接影响到作文的质量。然而，很多考生在写作中或者由于粗心大意，或者由于基本功不扎实而经常出现一些语法、词汇、逻辑、语篇等方面的错误。这些错误如果得不到及时的解决，将直接影响作文得高分。下面对这几方面的错误分别予以分析和说明。
1) 词汇错误
词汇方面的错误主要表现在拼写不正确、词形相近而词义不同的词的混用、名词单复数不清、搭配不当等。
(1) 拼写错误
拼写是考生应该具备的起码的基本功，但在考生的作文中却经常能发现很多拼写错误。拼写错误虽然未被列入扣分标准，但大量拼写错误的存在不仅体现出语言基本功差，同时也直接影响内容的表达。以下例子中，划线部分为拼写不正确的单词。从中可以看出，有些拼写错误影响了整个句子的意思。
...flower cuircling her head and Chinese Changming lock in her chest...
In its long history it beared excellent culture，...
In the past, we are stranged to see a person in other countries costume while now we are very familiar with this.
What I accomplished today party attribute to all of them giving me a hand to my school work.
With the development of saciety, ...
enviroment pollution,
We could do anything happyly.
If we have a family fulling of people who love you, ...
(2) 近形异义词（词组）混用
英语中有很多单词（词组）词形非常相似，但词义却相差甚远，使用起来往往容易混淆。这是考研英语作文中另一词汇方面的常见错误。这些词（词组）的混用或误用经常会引起歧义，有时甚至会产生相反的意思。如contribute to 和attribute to意思就完全相反，但考生常将二者混淆；其他容易混淆的词还有：
confirm （确认） —— conform （使……适合）
economic （经济的） —— economical （节约的）
courage （勇气） —— encourage （鼓励）
transmit （传送） —— transform （转换）
liter （升、公升） —— litter （乱丢、乱扔）
consist of （由……组成） —— consist in （存在于……）
belong to （属于） —— belong in （应归入……）
(3) 搭配不当
英语中有大量的习惯用语和固定搭配，这些搭配主要有名词、动词、形容词与介词或副词的搭配。有些考生由于对此掌握得不够牢固，经常在这方面出错，从而影响了对作文的理解。
误： to solve the question
正： to solve the problem (or: to answer the question)
误： pay attention on
正： pay attention to
误： Many changes have happened.
正： Many changes have taken place.
误： on my opinion
正： in my opinion
(4) 用词不当
许多考生由于词汇量有限，或单词掌握得不够牢固，因此不能正确使用已学过和已经记住的单词，出现用词不当、词不达意等问题。 例如： the naive spark, enlighten the dark, a happy home, calm gulf, health knowledge等。
五、 考研英语写作模拟试题(50篇)
A应用文模拟试题 (15篇)
Practice 1
Directions:
An English newspaper has recently started a forum for the readers to discuss on the question of “Is it possible to find love online?” Write a letter to the editor, stating your point of view, and explain why.
Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)
范文1：
(Heading)
(Inside Address)
Dear Editor,
Thank you for providing a special column for the discussion on net romance. As far as Im concerned, I think online love may be possible but it is dangerous.
I have had friends who have “fallen in love" with someone online and when they met it was a huge letdown because they had fallen in love with their perception of each other or the best qualities of each other. Its easy to make yourself sound really good online and only the best of you comes across.
To make things worse, some people will lie online because they think they will never be found out. It is too dangerous. You can never fully trust anyone on the Internet.
Yours faithfully，
Li Ming
［分析讲解］
这是一封参加杂志的专栏讨论的信函。 写信者对网恋持怀疑态度。
Useful Expressions:
(1) Thank you for providing a special column for the discussion on...
(2) As far as Im concerned, I think...
(3) it was a huge letdown
(4) ...they had fallen in love with their perception of each other or the best qualities of each other.
(5) to make yourself sound really good online
(6) only the best of you comes across
(7) To make things worse...
范文2：
(Heading)
(Inside Address)
Dear Editor,
Im very glad to join the discussion on romantic love online. Personally, I think it is definitely possible to find our soul mates online.
I chat online quite often. I have even had several dates on the Internet. We send each other pictures and I met a couple of them. We were just curious about each other. Now we are not lovers but we are good friends. I think we should learn to trust people. Only when we trust others can we expect others to trust us. Online love allows you to really know the person before you ever meet.
Love can be found in many strange places, why not online?
Yours truly，
Li Ming
［分析讲解］
这是一封参加杂志的专栏讨论的信函。写信者对网恋持肯定态度。
Useful Expressions:
(1) Im very glad to join the discussion on...
(2) Personally, I think it is definitely possible to...
(3) I think we should...
(4) Only when we trust others can we expect others to trust us.
(5) Online love allows you to...
Practice 2
Directions:
Your friend Wang Wei is about to graduate from university with honors. Write a letter of congratulations to him based on the following notes.
1) His accomplishment is due to his hard work.
2) You accept his invitation to attend his graduation ceremony.
3) Express your best wishes for the future.
Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)
范文：
(Heading)
(Inside Address)
Dear Wang Wei,
I was so delighted to hear the good news of your graduation from Tsinghua University with honors. You certainly have done a very good job in the past four years of your studies and I know how hard you have worked. Without sufficient financial support from your family, you have to work temporarily all the time. Thank you for inviting me to attend your graduation ceremony. Ill certainly be present on time. Tsinghua University is one of the best universities in China and I am sure the campus achievements will lead you to a great future of your career. Please accept my sincere congratulations and best wishes for your future success.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
［分析讲解］
这是一封写给朋友的私人信函，目的是祝贺朋友以优异的成绩从清华大学毕业。
Useful Expressions：
(1) I was so delighted to hear the good news of...
(2) You certainly have done a very good job...
(3) Thank you for inviting me to...
(4) graduation ceremony
(5) ...the campus achievements will lead you to a great future of your career.
(6) Please accept my sincere congratulations and best wishes for your future success.
Practice 3
Directions:
Your friend Wang Wei is going to open a company of his own. Write a letter of congratulations to him based on the following notes.
1) Its Wangs dream to start his own business.
2) He has done a lot for that and deserves what he has achieved.
3) You express all your good wishes to him.
Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)
范文：
(Heading)
(Inside Address)
Dear Wang Wei,
I read in todays evening paper that after five years with Carl Ware Co. Ltd, you are branching out for yourself and opening your own agency.
Its wonderful to know that you have achieved the goal you set for yourself. Your years of hard work has finally paid back. It proves once again that a good man always gets ahead. I would like to add my congratulations to the many you must be receiving. Im sure the new agency will be a great success. I sincerely hope you will find in this new venture the happiness and satisfaction you so richly deserve.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
［分析讲解］
这是一封写给朋友的私人信函，目的是祝贺朋友的公司即将开业。
Useful Expressions：
(1) ...after five years with Carl Ware Co. Ltd, you are branching out for yourself and opening your own agency.
(2) have achieved the goal you set for yourself
(3) pay back
(4) a good man always gets ahead
(5) add my congratulations to the many you must be receiving
(6) be a great success
B短文模拟试题 (35篇)
Practice 16
Directions:
A. Study the following graph carefully and write an essay of about 200 words.
B. Your essay should meet the requirements below:
(1) describe the graph and interpret its meaning.
(2) give your comments on this phenomenon.
C. Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
范文：
Population Control
Nowadays, one of the most serious problems for China is the growth of its population. It is illustrated by the graph that Chinas population has reached 1.3 billion. It is also reported that the number will keep increasing in the coming years.
As the problem remains, some consequences may naturally follow. For one thing, the rapid growth of the population has caused great pressure on the supply of food, water, fuel and housing, and has consequently brought about a lot of problems to both the society and the peoples life. For another, the large population has led to widespread unemployment in cities and, as a result, the society is facing much more instability. Finally, the large population has also caused continuing poverty in densely populated areas, and has made it harder for children from poor families to receive education. It is obvious that the rapid growth of population should be controlled by the government.
To solve the problem, both the government and the general public should make greater efforts. The government should do more to implement the family planning policy. The public should be informed about the serious problems caused by large population.
［分析讲解］
本文开头先总述图表所反映的现象，然后对图表加以说明。
Useful Expressions:
(1) Nowadays, one of the most serious problems for China is the growth of its population.
(2) It is illustrated by the graph that...
(3) As the problem remains, some consequences may naturally follow.
(4) For one thing,... For another,... Finally,...
(5) the rapid growth of population
(6) to cause great pressure on
(7) has consequently brought about a lot of problems to...
(8) to lead to widespread unemployment in cities and, as a result,...
(9) It is obvious that...
(10) To solve the problem, both the government and the general public should make greater efforts.
Practice 17
Directions:
A. Study the following graph carefully and write an essay of about 200 words.
B. Your essay should meet the requirements below:
(1) describe the graph and interpret its meaning.
(2) give your comments on this phenomenon.
C. Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
范文：
Traveling on Your Own
Traveling on ones own is growing more and more popular in China. Instead of joining a travel agency and setting out in a group, many people, especially the young, enjoy traveling on their own. As this graph shows, the number of group travelers and selftravelers are both on the rapid increase. But people traveling on their own see their number increasing much faster than those of group travel. In 1996, there were already some people choosing to travel on their own, but in 2002 that number reached almost 40 million.
Traveling on ones own has many visible advantages. You can choose your own favorable trip itinerary and work out the travel schedule by yourself. You will be free to decide where you will go and how long you will stay there. Travel expense will be lower because you can save unnecessary spending and choose economical means of transport. You can avoid unwanted shopping trips organized by the travel agency.
Besides these advantages, traveling on your own provides opportunities to chasten your personality and character. During this selfhelp trip you will test your ability of independence, strengthen your selfprotection awareness and improve your decisionmaking ability. As far as I know, just because of these exercises and practices, many people prefer traveling on their own rather than traveling in a group.
In short, selftravel is a new form of spending holidays which offers people a chance to enjoy the happiness and freedom during the journey. This kind of traveling is not only a test of ones inclination but also a great challenge to ones ability.
［分析讲解］
本文采用间接开头法，即先对某种现象进行描述，然后用数字加以说明，并且对两种形式进行对比。最后引出中心论点。
Useful Expressions:
(1) Traveling on ones own is growing more and more popular in China.
(2) Traveling on ones own has many visible advantages.
(3) to choose your own favorable trip itinerary and work out the travel schedule by yourself
(4) Besides these advantages, traveling on ones own provides opportunities to chasten ones personality and character.
(5) to test your ability of independence, strengthen your selfprotection awareness and improve your decisionmaking ability
(6) Many people prefer traveling on their own rather than traveling in a group.
(7) In short, ...
(8) This kind of traveling is not only a test of ones inclination but also a great challenge to ones abilily.
Practice 18
Directions:
A. Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay of about 200 words.
B. Your essay should meet the requirements below:
(1) describe the graphs and interpret their meanings.
(2) point out the problem and give your comments.
C. Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
范文：
Fresh Water Supply
What are the prospects of Chinas fresh water supply in the coming decades? Lets take a look at the figures in the graph. China had just enough fresh water in 2000. But, with population increase and economic development in the coming decades, the gap between demand and supply of fresh water will be widened: roughly a shortage of 30 billion cubic meters in 2010, of 35 billion cubic meters in 2020 and of 150 billion cubic meters by the year of 2030.
What are the causes for the insufficiency of fresh water? Firstly, ecological change, particularly in northwest China, has brought about long spells of drought. And in dry seasons, many people in the droughtstricken areas could barely find drinking water for themselves and their livestock. Secondly, water pollution makes fresh water undrinkable or even poisonous. Thirdly, the growing population consumes more fresh water than ever before.
Facing the increasingly serious shortage of fresh water, both the government and the citizens should take effective measures. The government should establish rules to improve the ecological environment. Factories that drain polluted water into rivers and lakes should be severely punished or fined, and deadline should be set for them to build water purifying facilities. We must economize our use of water, speed up water price reform and establish a fair and sustainable price system. Last but not least, birth control policy should be more strictly pursued, particularly in densely populated areas and rural areas.
［分析讲解］
(1) 本文开头以提问的方式引出主题，较有新意。
(2) 第二段列举淡水不足的原因。
(3) 文章最后提出政府和民众应采取有效措施以缓解淡水紧缺的问题。
Useful Expressions:
(1) What are the prospects of Chinas fresh water supply in the coming decades?
(2) the insufficiency of fresh water
(3) the droughtstricken areas
(4) to take effective measures
(5) to improve the ecological environment
(6) to drain polluted water into rivers
(7) to build water purifying facilities
(8) to economize use of fresh water, speed up water price reform and establish a fair and sustainable price system
Practice 19
Directions:
A. Study the following graph carefully and write an essay of about 200 words.
B. Your essay should meet the requirements below:
(1) describe the graph and interpret its meaning.
(2) point out the problem and give your comments.
C. Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
范文：
This graph shows the changes of the number of households with personal computers in China from 1990 to 2000. As can be seen from the graph, an increasing number of households own personal computers. In 1990, only two families in every one thousand possessed a personal computer. But, in 1995, about 5% of all the families in China have PCs, which is twentyfive times the number of that in 1990. And starting from 1995, there was a steady increase in the number of personal computers and it reached its height by the end of 2000, with 20％ of the families owning personal computers.
The growth of PCs in Chinese households is probably due to the following reasons. The first is that more and more parents buy computers for their children in order to create a good studying condition. Parents are obliged to buy a computer for their children, because schools, be it primary or middle schools, offer computer lessons. The second is that some people use computer as a means of communication. They use it, via the Internet, to get information about the outside world and to communicate with friends and colleagues. The third is that more and more people, especially the young, have realized the importance of computer in their life, so they install personal computers in their home.
This is an information age. To study, we need a computer; to communicate, we need a computer; to know the world, we need a computer. A computer has bridged us with the whole world.
［分析讲解］
本文的开头先归纳图表的意思，然后对一些典型数字加以说明。也是图表作文的一种常见方式。
Useful Expressions:
(1) This graph shows...
(2) The first is...The second is...The third is...
(3) be it primary or middle schools
(4) This is an information age.
Practice 20
Directions:
A. Study the following graph carefully and write an essay in about 200 words.
B. Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:
(1) interpret the following graph.
(2) possible reasons for the phenomenon.
(3) your comments.
C. Your essay must be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
范文：
Chinese Society Will Be Getting More and More Aged
From the figures shown in the graph we can come to the conclusion that the increase of the percentage of the aged is becoming greater and greater. Those at the age of 65 and over made up about 5.5% of the population in 1991 and in 2000 the figure amounted to 7%, and in 2037 it will reach 28%. China now ranks and will still rank the first in the world in the number of the aged.
There may be more than one factor that contributes to this trend. First of all, with Chinas family planning policy, the birth rate has dramatically dropped, which results in a low proportion of youngsters. Secondly, medical care in China has been considerably improved which reduced the mortality rate at birth and increased average life expectancy. Furthermore, by 2010 those who were born in the birth peak years of the 1950s and 1960s will enter their old age, thus accelerating the trend.
In short, China is moving toward an aged nation. If we do not take measures to control the population, some social problems may consequently follow. So the fact that Chinese society is getting more and more aged should arouse peoples attention.
［分析讲解］
(1) 开始段先由图表得出结论： the increase of the percentage of the aged is becoming greater and greater，然后描述图表加以论证。
(2) 中间段通过列举法，分析中国社会老龄化的原因。
(3) 结束段对全文进行总结。
Useful Expressions:
(1) come to the conclusion that
(2) make up
(3) amount to
(4) family planning policy
(5) result in
(6) arouse sb.s attention
Practice 21
Directions:
A. Study the following graph carefully and write an essay in about 200 words.
B. Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:
(1) interpret the following graphs.
(2) possible reasons for the phenomenon.
(3) your comments.
C. Your essay must be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
范文：
Nowadays, there is a tendency that more Chinese females, especially in some big cities, are choosing the single life. Just as the graphs depict in Beijing, there were more than 1 million singles on record in 2002, up from 200,000 in 1990. Meanwhile, in Shanghai, the number of new couples registering went from 120,000 in 1990, to below 100,000 in 2002.
The growing number of single women in the big cities lies in the following reasons. For one thing, the rapid social development poses both greater challenges and greater opportunities for females. For fear of missing out on career opportunities, many women choose the single life. For another, Chinese women are becoming more aware of a sense of freedom and independence. Some even have greater professional skills, ability, knowledge, or wealth than men. Besides, many men feel threatened by a highlyeducated woman and hesitated to marry such a lady.
Being one of the highlyeducated women, I strongly call for the equality to both the male and the female. On the one hand, women should respect and understand men, no matter at home or at work; on the other hand, men should get rid of the traditional concept that males shouldnt marry a female who is “more capable” than they are. In a word, both men and women should reestimate their respective role in forming a family.
［分析讲解］
(1) 开始段先采用间接法指明大城市中单身女子越来越多的现象具有普遍性，然后描述图表。
(2) 中间段分析产生这一普遍现象的原因。
(3) 结束段提出自己的看法： 未婚男女都应重新审视各自在家庭中扮演的角色。
Useful Expressions:
(1) Nowadays, there is a tendency that more Chinese females, especially in some big cities, are choosing the single life.
(2) Just as the graphs depict in Beijing,...Meanwhile, in Shanghai,...
(3) There were more than 1 million singles on record in 2002, up from 200,000 in 1990.
(4) The number of new couples registering went from 120,000 in 1990, to below 100,000 in 2002.
(5) The growing number of single women in the big cities lies in the following reasons.
(6) The rapid social development poses both greater challenges and greater opportunities for females.
(7) for fear of missing out on career opportunities
(8) are becoming more aware of a sense of freedom and independence
(9) Many men feel threatened by a highlyeducated woman.
(10) Being one of the highlyeducated women, I strongly call for...
(11) On the one hand, women...; on the other hand,...
(12) In a word, both men and women should reestimate their respective role in forming a family.
Practice 22
Directions:
A. Study the following graph carefully and write an essay in about 200 words.
B. Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:
(1) interpret the following graph.
(2) possible reasons for the phenomenon.
(3) your comments.
C. Your essay must be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
范文：
Chinas Divorce Rate
In recent years, China has experienced a dramatic increase in divorce rate. As is shown in the chart, during the last decade, the divorce rate has increased by as much as it had in the previous thirty years. For instance, about 9% of people got divorced in 1996, compared with 3% in 1976.
There may be several possible reasons for the increasing divorce rate in Chinese society. First of all, with the improvement of living standard, young people put a higher demand on marriage. They want to have much in common with their lifelong companions. Once they find their passion is over, their marriage is over. Of course, this is an irresponsible attitude toward marriage. Second, legal changes have simplified divorce procedures, and removed barriers to divorce. More and more people, both young and old, are now benefiting from, or even taking the advantage of the new law which for the first time allows a couple to get divorced merely for the absence of love. In addition, the change in personal economic status also facilitates divorce.
Whatever changes lead to the increase of divorce rate in China, the fact and the statistics reflect the change in peoples traditional view of marriage and family life.
［分析讲解］
(1) 开始段采用先得出结论点明中心论点，然后再描述图表的方式。也可反过来，即先描述图表，再得出结论。
(2) 中间段通过列举法解释离婚率上升的原因。
(3) 结束段是对全文的总结。也可提出建议，如怎样对待婚姻中的问题。
Useful Expressions:
(1) a dramatic increase in
(2) As is shown in the chart that...
(3) compare with
(4) First of all,...
(5) with the improvement of
(6) living standard
(7) put a higher demand on
(8) have much in common
(9) benefit from
(10) take the advantage of
(11) for the absence of love |
